Rated 5 out of 5 stars

Finally the add-on developer has replied to one of the last reviews here and promised to update 1.0 for TB 24.x soon. Thank to lot. While waiting for the update let me re-post the temporary solution and the diff with the fix.
(PLEASE NOTE this post most prob will be deleted by the moderators in a short time)

The ready-to-use add-on with 24.x patch is available here:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/8x4vectgzdkt0fq/color_folders-1.0.1-tb.xpi

The only introduced diff is:
$ diff -u0 colorfolders.js.original colorfolders.js

--- colorfolders.js.original 2011-08-16 02:40:09.140422300 +0400
+++ colorfolders.js 2013-10-17 01:48:30.340801400 +0400
@@ -16,2 +16,2 @@
- gFolderTreeView.getCellProperties = function(row, col, props) {
- gFolderTreeView.originalGetCellProperties(row, col, props);
+ gFolderTreeView.getCellProperties = function(row, col) {
+ var props = gFolderTreeView.originalGetCellProperties(row, col);
@@ -30 +30 @@
- props.AppendElement(aAtomService.getAtom(folderColor));
+ props += " " + folderColor;
@@ -32,0 +33 @@
+ return props;

Good luck,
Waiting for the update by the author,

This review is for a previous version of the add-on (1.0).  This user has 4 previous reviews of this add-on.

Hi Strim
Thanks for reposting. I got it.
Best
fisheater